Science & Technology Mock Test
Your ultimate practice arena for all major competitive exams in India!
Test Instructions
- Total Questions: 100 MCQs
- Maximum Marks: 100
- Time Limit: 60 Minutes
- Marking Scheme: +1 for each correct answer, -0.33 for each incorrect answer.
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Answer Key & Explanations
Physics
Candela (cd) is the SI base unit for luminous intensity, which measures the power emitted by a light source in a particular direction.
Speed has only magnitude (e.g., 60 km/h), while velocity, acceleration, and force also have a direction, making them vector quantities.
Light from stars bends as it passes through Earth's changing atmospheric layers, causing the apparent position of the star to shift, which we see as twinkling.
An electric motor uses the principles of electromagnetism to convert electrical energy into rotational mechanical energy.
Pascal's Law states that pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fluid and the walls of the container.
Power is the rate of doing work or transferring energy. One Watt is equal to one Joule per second.
In longitudinal waves, particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave propagation, like in sound.
This is the minimum speed an object needs to break free from Earth's gravitational pull without further propulsion.
A Fathometer is a specific type of echo sounder (sonar) used to measure water depth.
Violet light has the shortest wavelength and thus bends (deviates) the most when passing through a prism, while red deviates the least.
Chemistry
The symbol Au for gold comes from its Latin name, 'Aurum'.
Nitrous Oxide (N₂O) is known as laughing gas due to the euphoric effects it produces upon inhalation.
Diamond is an allotrope of carbon where atoms are arranged in a rigid crystal lattice, making it the hardest known natural material.
A pH of 7 is considered neutral, which is the characteristic of pure, deionized water at 25°C.
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that gives citrus fruits like lemons and limes their characteristic sour taste.
Common table salt is chemically known as Sodium Chloride (NaCl).
Rusting is an oxidation reaction where iron reacts with oxygen and water to form hydrated iron(III) oxide.
The "lead" in a pencil is a mixture of graphite (a form of carbon) and clay; it contains no elemental lead.
CFCs release chlorine atoms in the stratosphere, which catalytically destroy ozone molecules, leading to ozone layer depletion.
Mercury (Hg) is unique among metals for being a liquid at standard temperature and pressure.
Biology
Mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration, the process that generates most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as energy.
Individuals with AB+ blood have no A or B antibodies and are Rh positive, so they can receive any blood type.
The liver is the largest internal organ and gland in the human body, performing over 500 essential functions.
This is the binomial nomenclature for the only extant human species.
Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption; its deficiency leads to weak and soft bones, a condition known as rickets in children.
Auxins are a class of plant hormones that play a crucial role in coordinating many growth and behavioral processes in the plant's life cycle.
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi.
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, the pigment that captures light energy for photosynthesis.
Bones and teeth are primarily composed of a mineral matrix of calcium phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite.
Measles is a highly contagious disease caused by the measles virus. Typhoid and TB are bacterial; Malaria is protozoan.
These oxides, released from burning fossil fuels, react with atmospheric water to form nitric and sulfuric acid, which fall as acid rain.
An LED is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it.
Greenhouse gases trap heat from the sun in the atmosphere, leading to a gradual increase in the planet's average temperature.
Solar energy is renewable because it is derived from the sun, which is a naturally replenishing resource, unlike finite fossil fuels.
The disastrous industrial accident in Bhopal involved the leakage of the highly toxic gas Methyl Isocyanate (MIC).
Launched in 2014, its primary goals are to achieve an "Open-Defecation Free" India and improve solid waste management.
The Chipko movement was a non-violent social and ecological movement by rural villagers, particularly women, in India aimed at protecting trees and forests from government-backed logging.
China's Chang'e 4 mission made the first-ever soft landing on the far side of the Moon in January 2019.
A geostationary satellite remains in a fixed position relative to the Earth's surface, making it ideal for communication, broadcasting, and continuous weather monitoring.
Sewage is organic waste that can be broken down by microorganisms, unlike non-biodegradable pollutants like plastic and DDT.
Information Technology & Space Technology
The CPU is the primary component of a computer that executes instructions, often referred to as the "brain" of the computer.
An input device sends data to a computer system. A keyboard is used to input text and commands.
The WWW is an information system where documents and other web resources are identified by URLs and can be accessed via the Internet.
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is the national space agency of India.
Named after the famous Indian astronomer, Aryabhata was India's first satellite, launched in 1975.
A firewall monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules, acting as a barrier.
RAM is a form of volatile computer memory that can be read and changed in any order, used for storing working data.
GSLV stands for Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle, designed to launch satellites into geosynchronous orbits.
Python's simple syntax and extensive libraries (like TensorFlow and PyTorch) make it the most popular language for AI and machine learning.
Mangalyaan (Sanskrit for "Mars-craft") is the popular name for India's highly successful Mars Orbiter Mission.
Recent Developments & General Science
Vaccines introduce a harmless form of a pathogen to the body, training the immune system to recognize and fight it off quickly in the future.
Gravitational waves, or ripples in spacetime, were a key prediction of Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity in 1916.
AI, particularly machine learning and computer vision, is crucial for self-driving cars to perceive their environment and make decisions.
CRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary gene-editing tool that allows scientists to alter DNA sequences and modify gene function.
Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that creates a secure, transparent, and tamper-proof record of transactions.
The gig economy is a labor market characterized by the prevalence of short-term, flexible jobs as opposed to permanent ones.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) technology was famously used to rapidly develop highly effective vaccines for COVID-19.
Gaganyaan ("Sky-craft") is the formative crewed orbital spacecraft mission of the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme.
5G is the fifth generation of cellular technology, designed for greater speed, lower delay (latency), and the ability to connect many more devices.
Artificial Neural Networks, inspired by the human brain, excel at pattern recognition tasks like identifying objects in images and videos.
Mixed Bag (Advanced)
Air molecules scatter short-wavelength light (like blue and violet) more effectively than long-wavelength light (like red), making the sky appear blue.
The Ohm (symbol: Ω) is the SI unit of electrical resistance, named after German physicist Georg Ohm.
A concave lens diverges light rays, which helps to focus the image correctly on the retina for a nearsighted person.
Natural gas is primarily composed of methane (CH₄), typically making up 70-90% of its volume.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid because it completely ionizes (dissociates) in water.
Sublimation is the phase transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas state, without passing through the liquid state (e.g., dry ice).
Roots anchor the plant and absorb water and essential minerals from the soil through osmosis.
Haemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to tissues throughout the body.
Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of several proteins needed for blood coagulation (clotting).
The aorta is the main and largest artery in the body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and extending down to the abdomen.
Technology & Innovation
QR codes are two-dimensional barcodes that can store information and be read quickly by a camera.
IoT describes the network of everyday physical devices connected to the internet, allowing them to collect and share data.
AR enhances the real world by adding computer-generated layers of information on top of it, viewed through devices like smartphones.
Cloud computing provides on-demand access to services like storage, servers, and software over the internet ("the cloud").
Facial recognition systems use AI and machine learning algorithms to identify and verify individuals from digital images or videos.
Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) is a wireless communication technology that uses light from LEDs to transmit data at high speeds.
Nanotechnology deals with structures and devices with dimensions in the nanometer range (1 to 100 nanometers).
These three "Vs" (Volume, Velocity, Variety) are the core characteristics defining Big Data.
Quantum computers leverage quantum-mechanical phenomena to perform calculations that are too complex for traditional computers, like drug discovery or material science.
GPS is a satellite-based radionavigation system that provides geolocation and time information to a receiver anywhere on Earth.
Defence & Health Technology
BrahMos is a supersonic cruise missile developed by a joint venture between India's DRDO and Russia's NPO Mashinostroyeniya.
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is the premier agency for military research and development in India.
A surgical strike is a precise military attack intended to damage only a specific, legitimate target with minimal collateral damage.
Telemedicine uses telecommunication technology to provide clinical health care from a distance, improving access for remote patients.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) uses a powerful magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of organs and tissues in the body.
Organ donation is the process of surgically removing an organ from one person (the donor) and placing it into another person (the recipient).
A vector-borne disease is transmitted by an organism (vector), such as a mosquito, which transmits the dengue virus.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the official name of the virus that causes the disease COVID-19.
AMR occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve over time and no longer respond to medicines, making infections harder to treat.
Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) is a national public health insurance scheme for low-income earners in India.
Miscellaneous Science & Tech
Frequency, the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time, is measured in Hertz (Hz), which is equivalent to one cycle per second.
Mars is called the Red Planet because its surface is covered with iron oxide (rust), giving it a reddish appearance.
A barometer is a scientific instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure, which helps in forecasting weather.
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that allows your body to use sugar (glucose) from carbohydrates for energy or to store it for future use.
Copper is an excellent electrical conductor because its atoms have free electrons that can move easily, allowing current to flow.
Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems, and flowers.
The Sun is a giant ball of hot gas, composed of about 75% hydrogen and 24% helium, with nuclear fusion in its core generating its energy.
Sulphur is a non-metal, characterized by being a poor conductor of heat and electricity. Iron, copper, and gold are all metals.
Genetics is the branch of biology that studies genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.
Based on radiometric dating of meteorite samples and geological evidence, the Earth is estimated to be approximately 4.54 billion years old.
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