👉It is organized group of people having clear ideologies which influence other members to become part of these organizations which then elect common main leader.
The leaders are driven by the common ideology and rule of law.
👉Weber:
Party is an organized group action intended to capture power.Party is an ideal type and present in every society.
👉FW Riggs:
According to him, it is any organization that nominates candidates to election.
👉TB Bottomore:
Political parties are groups of divergent interest and are linked between state and sectional interest with ultimate aim of capture power.
👉Seymour Lipset:
Parties compete with each other to gain office is known as political parties.
In a democracy parties represent:
1)Popular opinion
2)Fulfill interest of supporters or else be voted out (Parsons & Aron)
3)Require support from various groups so can,t only represent sectional interest.
👉Types of Political Party:
According to Maurice Duverger:
1)Mass Based
(Eg-China, Cuba, mostly socialist or communist countries)
2)Cadre Based
(In democracies, these are rank based, elite based, hierarchical, division of responsibilities)
According to Robert Dahl:
1.Exterior Party:
Emerging out of external influence like. CPI-India due to CP China.
2.Interior Party:
Such as communist party of USSR by innovation or new.
General criteria:
1.Right: Talk about his glorious past and graduated in welfarism.
2.Left: Talk about present and radical welfarism.
3.Centre: Talk about balanced approach.
There are various political party system:
1.Uni-Party
2.Bi-Party
3.Multi-Party
👉Advantages of Uniparty System:
1.Political stability.
2.Strict adherence to public norms and policies.
3.Feeling of glorification of Nationalism.
👉Disadvantages by David Lane:
1.Voice of the people not given due acknowledgement or peoples participation decreases
2.Authoritarian government
👉Advantages of Bi-party System by Harold Laski :
1.Autocracy is checked and balanced
2.People is given two distinct ideologies
3.Strong opposition to make accountable
Responsible government
👉Disadvantages of Bi-party System by Robert Smith:
1.Divides the country
2.Generally in globalised world, parties. follow similar policies line.
👉Advantages of multi-party System:
1.True democracy highlighted in the. nation
2.Suitable for multi-cultural society like India
3.According to Sudipto Kaviraj and Zoya Hassan-Multi party system true reflection of India's multi-culturalism and maturity of Indian democracy.
👉Disadvantages of multi-party System:
1.Political Confusion or doubt
2.Instability and corruption
3.Opportunistic and populous politics
4.Death of ideological politics
5.FPTP ( First Past The Post ) have it's own demerits means small percentage win the results.
6.Pluralist parties are governed by elite leaders who make critical decisions.
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